One of the most widely cultivated cereal crops in the world is rice. Rice grains (paddy) are enclosed in a natural protective shell known as rice husk (RiH). Due to…

Your jacket gets damaged—do you repair it or throw it away and buy a new one? A similar decision arises in civil engineering when structures deteriorate: should we retrofit them…

Imagine two houses standing side by side, both of similar height and located in the same neighborhood. One is built with reinforced concrete, while the other is constructed of masonry.…